Gas-stove.



No. 807,246. PATENTED DEC. l2, 1905. C. CLAMOND.

GAS STOVB.

APPLICATION PILED MARAD. 1905.

y Cares (Vamo/7d, @vih/wouw.'

` has been the general practice to heat such fireresisting bodies by a flame made by the combustion of the gas the flame has usually been applied to the outside of the hre-resisting stance, it has been a common practice to use iuisurnn STATES PATENT oRFrcR. A

CHARLES CLAMOND, oF PARIS, FRANCE. i i

GAS-STOVE.

T0 all whom t may concern:

Beit known that I, CHARLES CLAMoND, a

lcitizen of the Republic of France, and a resident of Paris, France, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Gas-Stoves, of

which the following is a specification.

The object of my invention is to construct a gas-stove in such a manner as to obtain the .lem of obtaining a large amount of radiant heat from the combustion of gas is more dilicult of solution, and though gas heating-stoves have been largely used the heat radiated by them in proportion to the gas consumed has in the past been small, Tand the system has not given satisfactory results.

In accordance with my invention I adopt the plan of using the combustion of the gas to heat a {ire-resisting and heat-radiating body,

the radiationfrom which imparts heat `to the locality desired; but whereas in the past it body, which means that much of the heat of the iiame has not acted to heat the {ire-resistling body, and so far as the purpose of the stove is concerned, of which the fire-resisting body forms a part, such portion of the heat has practically been wasted. Thus, for intubes of lire-resisting material having perforations therein and to have the combustible gas pass through the interior of this tube and issue from the perforations to the exterior of the tube, where, having been lighted, it burned with a ame. This liame, be it understood, was on the exterior of the tube. Now while it is true that such flame burning on the ex- Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 12, 1905.

Original application filed August 18, 1900, Serial No. 27,321. Divided and this application filed March 10, 1905. Serial No. 249,409.

In my invention I take a tube of refractory material capable of becoming heated and emit# ting its heat by radiation when thus heated, which class of materials I call for convenience refractory radiating materials, and I provide this tube with a series of small apertures or perforations. Instead, however, of having the flame on the exterior of the tube I use a flame on the interior of the tube, and I obtain this result by feeding a self-burning mixture of gas and air to the interior of the tube, so that the iiame may burn on the interior of the tube without any further addition of lair to the mixture from the exterior of the tube. It becomes apparent at once that by this arrangement substantially a large part of the heat units in the iame are imparted to the tube of radiating refractory material. This is in sharp contrast to the older arrangement, in which the ame, being on the outside of the tube, imparted but a small fraction of its total heat units to the tube. It is also seen that the perforations in the tube fulfil a radically-diiferent function from those of the prior art. They do not act as passages for a gas which is to be ignited on the outside; neither do they act as supplyapertures to admit air into the interior of the tube from the exterior. On the contrary, their primary purpose is to permit the escape to the exterior of the tube of the products of the combustion which is going on in the interior of the tube.

I may add at this point that it is possible to have the flame on the inside of the tube so large and under such pressure that this iiame itself passes in jets throughthe apertures in the tube, which jets are visible on the lexterior of the tube. In this case, however, itis to be remarked that the iiame itself not only appears on the outside of the aperture, as in prior constructions, but is also located in each aperture itself, which was not the case in the prior construction. Since now by having a large number of apertures the surface of the walls of these apertures can be made very great, even greater than the outside surface of the tube, it follows that the ame on the inside of the tube not only heats the tube by its action against the inside surface of the tube, but also by its action upon the walls of these apertures, which are in the very body of the tube.v It thus happens that the portion of the tube which is supplied with these apertures becomes more incandescent than the rest of the tube, because the total wall-surface IOO IIO

of the apertures in the tube offers a very large field for action of the flame, and in this way a maximum amount of heat of combustion is absorbed by the refractory body;.but even' if the flame on the inside of the tube is not of suflicient size or burning under sufficient pressure to project as a flame through the apertures of the tube these apertures still serve an important function, in addition to that before referred to, of permitting the escape of the products of combustion from the iiame which is burning on the inside of the tube. The walls of these apertures in such case serve to abstract much of the heat from the products of combustion escaping therethrough. It results that the products of combustion leave the tube at a temperature not much higher than the temperature of the tube itself, so that a large part of the heat of combustion of the vflame in the inside of the tube is conveyed to the tube, which is the very object which my invention seeks to attain.

In the perforated tube of the character necessary for my invention the perforations are too small to permit of the admission of the proper amount of air to the inside of the tube to create a perfect combustion, the purpose of said apertures being, on the other hand, to permit of the escape of the products of combustion going on in the inside of the tube.

The arrangement of parts is such that the products of combustion of the flame on the inside of the tube are allowed to escape through the perforations in the tube, whereas no air on the outside of these is allowed in operation to pass to the inside of the tube through these perforations. The tube constitutes, infact, substantially closed chambers. Theperforations therein are so small as not to interfere with the substantially closed character of the chamber. In fact, the size of these perforations necessarily bears a relation to the pressure andA volume Linder which the self-burning mixture of air and gas to be hereinafter described is supplied to the interior of the tube, the perforations never being large enough for a given condition of supply topermit any other operation than that stated. In order that a flame may burn on the inside of such a tube, it is necessary that a self-burning mixture be employed-that is to say, a mixture of air and gas-which burns freely in a closed chamber where there is no admission of outside air.

In order to obtain such a self-burning mixture, I may employ any of the known devices for thispurpose. I'prefer, however, to use a Bumsen-burner type, now commonly called a Kern tube, after the name of its inventor, which tube is fully described in Letters Patent of the United States, No. 574,805, dated January 5, 1897, and No. 611,914, dated Octo ber 4, 1898. Broadly speaking, such a Kern tube consists of an inlet of gas at one end of the tube and an inlet for the air at the same end of the tube, just as iu any other Bunsen burner. The lowest end of the tube, however, is flared inwardly to constitute a mixing-chamber, and the upper end of the tube is flared outwardly at an angle varying within very narrow limits to constitute a suction-chamber. This suctionchamber leads to the common supply for a series of perforated tubes of refractory material which constitutes my gas-stove.

I have before referred to the fact, which practical experience shows is a usual fact, that there is always a slight excess of flame which passes in jets through the upper holes of the perforated tubes of refractory radiating material. It is also likely to happen that such portion of the flame is not the result of an absolutely perfect combustion, although the combustion is very nearly perfect. Since in the practical application of my invention I use a number of these perforated refractory tubes side by side with a narrow space between, it happens that the outside air which circulates between the tubes comes in contact with these jets of flame issuing from the perforations of the tube and effects a complete combustion. This addition o f air I have found to effect a complete combustion which reduces the smell often observed in gas-stoves when combustion is incomplete.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a vertical crosssection of a circular form of stove embodying my inventori, and Fig. 2 is a top plan view of the same.

The tube a is composed of refractory radiating material, such as fire-clay, and is closed at the top. The side of the tube is supplied with small perforations t. This tube or cylinder is placed on a nozzle or burner-tip b,

IOO

which is the outlet of the self-burning mixture of air and gas. If the self-burning mixture at the top of the nozzle is lighted, it burns on the inside of the tube as contradistinguished .from the outside of the tube. Thus the products of combustion escape through the perforations L in contradistinction to having the unburned gas pass through these perforations to become ignited on the outside of the tube. To obtain the best effects, the inside diameter of the tube should not be larger than the diameter of the flame.

As has been above explained,v the heat evolved can only be absorbed by the walls of the refractory tube except that part which escapes with the products of combustion through the perforations t, which are usually larranged on one side only of the refractory Since, however, the walls of these ati-- IIO TIS

rated side of the tube in the direction in which it is desired to throw the heat. Coming` now to the actual description of the stove shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the tubes a are arranged in a circle. They rest upon a circular row of nozzles b and are kept vertical by the top plate c, which has holes of the same shape as the projection a on the tops of the tube 0i. At the center of the circle I place a circular reflector m, which cooperates with the closed sides of the tubes.

There is a separate cylindrical diaphragm 9 at the bottom of each tube a. Inside these cylindrical diaphragms r I introduce cones p with their points directed to the top. The diaphragms r are all contained in a common chamber g, which is supplied with the selfburning mixture of air and gas through the Kern or other Bunsen tube 252 t t.

It will be seen that the conep serves to keep up a uniform supply of the air-and-gas mixture to each cylindrical diaphragm, since it increases the section of the diaphragm in the same measure as the quantity of gas-and-air mixture at the point of the diaphragm referred to increases. Thus at the top of the cylindrical perforated diaphragm r in Fig. 1 you must provide a space not only for the self-burning mixture passing into the cylindrical diaphragm r through the perforations of that diaphragm at the top, but you must also supply a space in the cylinder for such of the self-burning mixture as has already passed into the cylinder from apertures in the bottom and having passed up/the cylinder is now reaching the top. This space is given and in the proper proportion by the decreasing section of the cone p.

The radiating stove as described above may also be arranged in such a way as to superheat the air in rooms. It may also be connected with flues to take ofr" the products of combustion into a chimney. In connection with the latter I employ a well-known arrangement, which consists in allowing the products of combustion to pass through various iiues, round which the air of the room passes and is heated and after being heated nds an outlet through various holes into the room again. This heating apparatus may also be used for cooking purposes, and it is especially serviceable for grilling and roasting. In the term gas I naturally include vapors of volatile liquids, such as alcohol, naphtha, and the like. My system applies equally well to them.

The nozzle 5, it will be observed, acts as burner-tips for supporting the flames of the self-burning mixture within the tube.

This is a division of my application No. 27,321, filed August 18, 1900.

I claim- 1. A chamber for supplying a mixture of gas and air, a perforated cylinder within the chamber, a burner-tip supported on the top of the. cylinder, and a cone on the inside of the cylinder and having its apex directed upward, whereby a uniform supply of the mixture to the burner-tip is assured, substantiall y as described.

2. A gas-stove comprising a chamber for supplying a mixture of gas and air, a perforated cylinder within the chamber, a burnertip on top of the cylinder, a cone on the inside of the cylinder and having its apex directed upward, and a tube of refractory radiating material, having small perforations, mounted on the burner, substantially as described.

3. A chamber for supplying a mixture of gas and air, a series of perforated cylinders within the chamber, a burner-tip on the top of each cylinder, a cone on the inside of each cylinder and having its apex directed upward, a tube of refractory radiating material, having smallperforations, connected to each burner and having a projection at the top, and a top plate having apertures receiving the projections, substantially as described.

4. A gas-stove comprising a chamber for supplying a mixture of gas and air, a series of perforated cylinders within the chamber, a burner-tip on the top of each cylinder, a cone on the inside of each cylinder having its apex upward. a tube for each burner of refractory radiating material, having small perforations in one side, and a reiector coperating with the closed sides of the tubes, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

, CHARLES CLAMOND. Witnesses:

OTTMAR KERN,

GEORGE E. LIGHT.

IOO 

